LB 

Z&42, 


UC-MRLF 


GIFT   OF 


INCREASED  SALARIES  FOR  TEACHERS 
AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SUPERVISING 
STAFF  OF  THE  BOSTON  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

STATEMENTS  AND  STATISTICS  PREPARED  BY  THE 
BOSTON  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE  IN  SUPPORT  OF  HOUSE 
BILL  NO.  I960,  RELATIVE  TO  APPROPRIATIONS  FOR 
SCHOOL  PURPOSES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  BOSTON 


NOVEMBER,    1Q1© 


BOSTON 

PRINTING    DEPARTMENT 
1919 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

1.  Number  of  Persons  in  P^mploy  of  School  Committee  ...  5 

2.  Statement  Showing  the  Effect  on  the  Actual  Compensation  of 

Teachers  in  the  Service  November  1,  1917,  by  the  Application 

of  the  Proposed  Schedule  of  November  10         ....  11 

3.  Statement  of  Change  in  Cost  of  Living  in  Eighteen  Specified 

Cities  from  December,  1914,  to  June,  1919        ....  16 

4.  Chart  Showing  Rise  in  Cost  of  Living  from  1914  to  1919   .        .  17 

5.  Schedules  at  a  Glance        .               19 

6.  Statements  Issued  by  the  School  Committee        ....  24 


415856: 


NUMBER  OF  PERSONS  IN  THE  DIFFERENT  RANKS 
OF  TEACHERS  AND  OF  THE  SUPERVISING  STAFF; 
ALSO  NUMBER  OF  OTHER  EMPLOYEES  ON 
ANNUAL  SALARIES,  NOVEMBER,  1919. 


SUMMARY. 
Total  number  of  permanent  teachers  and  members  of  the 

supervising  staff  * 3,485 

Clerical  assistants  and  bookkeepers    ...  .30 

Evening  schools  —  all  per  diem  employees. 

Playgrounds  —  all  per  diem  employees. 

Gardening  —  all  per  diem  employees. 

Temporary  teachers  and  special  assistants,  all  schools  — 

all  per  diem  employees. 
Janitors    .....  .....       214 

Matrons 12 

Attendance  officers  (one  chief  and  twenty-four  officers),         25 

Supervisor  of  licensed  minors 1 

Officers     .                       ...                              .9 
Clerks,  stenographers,  etc •  60 


3,836 


NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

Head  master ,  1 

Master,  Director  of  Model  School        .        .        .        .        .  1 

Masters .3 

Junior  masters 0 

First  assistants 6 

Assistants      • 5 

Clerical  assistant 1 

17 

*  This  does  not  include  clerical  assistants  and  bookkeepers  in  the  schools,  or  teachers  in 
evening  schools,  playgrounds,  gardening,  or  temporary  teachers  and  special  assistants,  all 
of  whom  are  on  per  diem  pay. 


LATIN  AND  DAY  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

Head  masters          .  14 

Masters,  heads  of  departments    .                               .  50 

Masters    .                       .  24 

Junior  masters                .  158 

Assistant  principals       .  2 

First  assistants .  30 

Industrial  instructor,  head  of  department  1 

Assistants 182 

Junior  assistants 18 

Instructors,  mechanical  department    ...  10 

Coordinators           2 

Cooperative  instructors         ...                .  5 

Industrial  instructors     ....               .  13 
Instructors,  commercial  branches 

Assistant  instructors,  commercial  branches       .        .        .  17 

Instructors,  manual  arts 2 

Assistant  instructors,  manual  arts       ....  4 

Assistant  instructors,  salesmanship     .        .  2 

Clerical  assistants ,  19 

561 
BOSTON  CLERICAL  SCHOOL. 

Head  master 1 

Head  instructor .  1 

Clerical  instructor          1 

Clerical  assistants 4 

Teachers  of  English 0 


DAY  ELEMENTARY  AND  DAY  INTERMEDIATE  SCHOOLS. 

Masters    .  69 

Submasters 84 

Masters'  assistants 74 

First  assistants,  grammar 20 

First  assistant,  primary        ....               .  1 

First  assistants  in  charge      .        .        .        .        .        .        .  100 

Assistants '.  1,694 

Prevocational  assistants 20 

Clerical  assistants 2 

2,064 


KINDERGARTENS. 

Director   ....  1 

Assistant  director 1 

First  assistants        ...                .  156 

Assistants        .....  132 

290 

TRADE  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 

Master 1 

Heads  of  departments   .  7 

Trade  assistants     .                                              .  17 

Helpers    .               .                                              ...  4 

Vocational  assistants 4 

Instructor  in  personal  and  shop  hygiene    .  1 

Bookkeeper     .  1 

Clerical  assistant 1 

36 
BOSTON  TRADE  SCHOOL. 

Master 1 

Vice-principal                                  ...                ...  1 

Division  heads 5 

Shop  foremen                                 .  4 

Shop  instructor .                .  1 

Instructors  in  academic  and  technical  branches       .        .  4 

Instructor .  1 

Bookkeeper     .                                                                      .  1 

Clerical  assistant    .        .        .        .        .        .        .        .        .  1 

19 

HORACE  MANN  SCHOOL  FOR  THE  DEAF. 
Principal  .  ....  .1 

Assistants 13 

14 
EVENING  SCHOOLS. 

Director 1 

All  other  evening  school  teachers  are  per  diem  employees. 

DAY  SCHOOL  FOR  IMMIGRANTS. 

Instructors  2 


8 


CONTINUATION  SCHOOL. 

Principal  .            1 

Heads  of  divisions                 .                      • .  3 

Division  foremen    .               ...  4 

Shop  foremen  .        .           2 

Shop  instructors     .  2 

Trade  assistants .5 

Helper      .  1 

Instructors,  boys'  classes      .       .  12 

Assistants        .                               ....  28 

Vocational  assistant       ....               .  .                   1 

Clerical  assistants 4 

63 

EDUCATIONAL  INVESTIGATION  AND  MEASUREMENT. 
Assistant  director .1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HOUSEHOLD  SCIENCE  AND  ARTS. 

Director  ...                .....  1 

Assistant  director  ...  1 

Teachers  of  cookery 43 

Teachers  of  sewing         .  •                                            .        .  64 

109 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MANUAL  ARTS. 

Director   ....  1 

First  assistant  director          ....  1 

Assistant  directors 3 

First  assistants  in  manual  arts    .  .  2 

Assistants  in  manual  arts 7 

Shop  foremen  »  .  ...  8 

Shop  instructors     .  .  .13 

Foremen,  shop  work      .  .        .  .        .  5 

Instructors  in  shop  work      .  .  .8 

Instructors  in  manual  training 12 

Assistant  instructors  in  manual  training    ...  40 

100 
MEDICAL  INSPECTION. 

Director 1 

School  physicians   .  ....  45 

School  physician  assigned  to  certificating  office        .        .  1 

47 


9 


NURSES. 

Supervising  nurse  .  1 

School  nurses  .....  46 

47 

DEPARTMENT  OF  Music. 

Director           ....  1 

Assistant  directors  3 

Assistants  in  music        ....                       .  9 

13 

PENMANSHIP. 

Director 1 

PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 

Director .  1 

Instructors  in  physical  training 14 

Assistant  instructors  in  physical  training  .        .        .  10 

Instructor  of  military  drill    ......  1 

Assistant  instructors  of  military  drill         .        .        .        .  3 

Armorer 1 

30 
PLAYGROUNDS. 

All  playground  teachers  are  per  diem  employees. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PRACTICE  AND  TRAINING. 

First  assistant  director 1 

Assistant  directors  •  4 


SPECIAL  CLASSES. 

Director .        .        .        .  1 

Medical  inspector  .        .               1 

First  assistants  in  charge 3 

Instructors 70 

75 

SPEECH  IMPROVEMENT  CLASSES  AND  CLASSES  FOR  CONSERVA- 
TION OF  EYESIGHT. 

Instructor  in  charge  of  Speech  Improvement  Classes  1 

Instructors .  8 

9 


10 


VOCATIONAL  GUIDANCE. 

Director 1 

Vocational  assistants     ......  3 

4 
GARDENING. 

All  gardening  teachers  are  per  diem  employees. 

TEMPORARY  TEACHERS  AND  SPECIAL  ASSISTANTS,  ALL  SCHOOLS. 
All  temporary  teachers  and  special  assistants  are  per  diem 
employees. 

ATTENDANCE  OFFICERS. 

Chief  attendance  officer 1 

Attendance  officers 24 

25 

• 

Supervisor  of  licensed  minors              .     t  .                       .  1 

Janitors 214 

Matrons 12 

Officers     .                       .               ....  9 

Clerks,  stenographers,  etc -.  60 


11 


STATEMENT  SHOWING  THE  EFFECT  ON  THE  ACTUAL 
COMPENSATION  OF  TEACHERS  IN  THE  SERVICE 
NOVEMBER  1,  1917,  BY  THE  APPLICATION  OF 
THE  PROPOSED  SCHEDULE  OF  NOVEMBER  10. 


ASSISTANTS,    ELEMENTARY    SCHOOLS. 


TEACHERS  ON  FIRST  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  $600 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  696 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .                                       .  792 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .                       ...  888 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                        .  $1,272 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down         .        .  600 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ....  $672 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,1917        ,        .  112 

TEACHERS  ON  FIFTH  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  "$792 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  888 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .  984 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .        .                .                .  1,080 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                       .  $1,464 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down         .        .  792 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917 


Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .        .  84.8 

TEACHERS  ON  MAXIMUM  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  $1,176 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .                                        .  1,272 

Salary  November  1,  1918   .                                       .  1,368 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .                                       .  1,368 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                       .  $1,752 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down                 .  1,176 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ....  $576 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917  48.9 


12 
ASSISTANTS,  KINDERGARTEN. 


TEACHERS  ON  FIRST  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                       .  .       $480 

Salary  September  1,  1918    .  576 

Salary  November  1,  1918   .  672 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .  768 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .        .  .    $1,152 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  480 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917 

TEACHERS  ON  FIFTH  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .  .       $672 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  768 

Salary  November  1,  1918  .         864 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .  960 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .  .    $1,344 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  672 


Increase  since  November  1,  1917 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917  .                 100 

TEACHERS  ON  MAXIMUM  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .  .       $864 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  960 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .  960 

Salary  November  1,  T919    .        .  960 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .  .    $1,344 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  .         864 


Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ,        .        .        .       $480 
Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .        .       55.5 


13 
HEAD  MASTERS,  LATIN  AND  DAY  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


HEAD  MASTERS  ON  FIRST  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .  .  $3,204 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  .      3,348 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .  .      3,492 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .  .      3^636 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920  .  $3,780 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  .      3,204 


Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ....  $576 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917     .  18 

HEAD  MASTERS  ON  FOURTH  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  $3,636 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .                                       .  3,780 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .                                       .  3,924 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .                                       .  4,068 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       ....  $4,212 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  3,636 


Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ....  $576 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .  15.8 

HEAD  MASTERS  ON  MAXIMUM  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  $4,068 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .                                       .  4,212 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .                                       .  4,212 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .                                        .  4,212 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                       .  $4,500 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down                 .  4,068 


Increase  since  November  1,  1917 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .  10.6 


14 
JUNIOR  MASTERS,  LATIN  AND  DAY  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


JUNIOR  MASTERS  ON  FIRST  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  SI, 476 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .                                       .  1,620 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .                                       .  1,764 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .                                       .  1,908 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                       .  $2,052 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down         .        .  1,476 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ....  $576 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .  39 

JUNIOR  MASTERS  ON  FIFTH  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  $2,052 

Salary  September  1,  1918  .                                       .  2,196 

Salary  November  1,  1918   .                                       .  2,340 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .'      .                               .  2,484 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                       .  $2,628 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down                .  2,052 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917         .        .        .        .  $576 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .        .  28. 1 

JUNIOR  MASTERS  ON  MAXIMUM  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                        .  $2,628 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .                                       .  2,772 

Salary  November  1,  1918   .                                       .  2,772 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .                                       .  2,772 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .                        .  $3,060 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down                .  2,628 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917         ....  $432 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917       .        .  16.4 


15 

ASSISTANTS,  LATIN  AND  DAY  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


ASSISTANTS  ON  FIRST  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .  .       1972 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  1,068 

Salary  November  1,  1918   .  1,164' 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .  jjjgg 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .  .    $1,644 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  972 

Increase  since  November  1,  1917         .  .       $672 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917  69. 1 

ASSISTANTS  ON  SEVENTH  YEAR  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1, 1917 : 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .  .    SI, 404 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .  1,500 

Salary  November  1,  1918   .  .      1,596 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .  .             j-L6g2 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       .  .     $2,076 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down  .      1,404 


Increase  since  November  1,  1917 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917               .  47.9 

ASSISTANTS  ON  MAXIMUM  SALARY  NOVEMBER  1,  1917: 

Salary  November  1,  1917    .                                       .  $1,764 

Salary  September  1,  1918   .                                       .  1,860 

Salary  November  1,  1918    .                                       .  1,932 

Salary  November  1,  1919    .        .                                .  1,932 

Proposed  salary  January  1,  1920       ....  $2,316 

Salary  November  1,  1917,  brought  down                .  1,764 

Increase  since  November  1 ,  1917         .        .        .        •  $552 

Increase  per  cent  since  November  1,  1917               .  31.3 


16 


INCREASES  IN  COST  OF  LIVING  IN  EIGHTEEN 
SPECIFIED  CITIES,  FROM  DECEMBER,  1914,  TO 
JUNE,  1919,  IN  EIGHTEEN  SHIPBUILDING  CEN= 
TERS,  COVERING  FOOD,  CLOTHING,  HOUSING, 
FUEL  AND  LIGHT,  FURNITURE  AND  FURNISH= 
INGS,  AND  MISCELLANEOUS. 


Per  Cent  of 
Increase. 

Norfolk .  .87.05 

Detroit  .  •     .  .84.36 

Buffalo  ...  .  .  .84.23 

Baltimore      .  .83.99 

Houston        .  .80.22 

Savannah      ....  ....  .79.76 

New  York ....     79.22 

Jacksonville 77. 4# 

Cleveland .  .77.23 

Mobile    .  .  ,  .76.64 

Philadelphia.  .     76.21 

Chicago .  .74.47 

Portland,  Me.       .  .74.25 

Seattle    ........  .74.01 

Boston  .       .  72  78 

Portland,  Ore.       .  .  ..'.'.  .69.16 

Sari  Francisco .     .        .     65 . 58 

Los  Angeles 65 . 07 

Figures  taken  from  " Monthly  Labor  Review"  of  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics,  Washington,  September,  1919,  pp.  108-9-10. 


REPRESENTING   INCREASE  IN  SALARY 

OF 
TEACHERS  ON  MINIMUM 


PEJRCL 
206 

200 
!9£ 
184 
176 
168 
160 
152 
.44 
'      -36 
<£6 

! 

120 

11£ 

104 
96 
68 
80 

64 
56 

48 

40 
32 

24 

16 
6 

0 

Original  5cned 
Schedule   1918 

New  Schedule 

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fears      913          1914        '915         !9!6        '97         1918          919         1920        1921          1922        1923        1924        t9 
ale      *6CO         648       696         744        792        640         868        936       964       103£        1060       H?6        1! 
984        10SO        1176       1272      1568 
1560       1656       175Z 

SCHEDULES  AT  A  GLANCE. 


20 


Boston's  Present  and  Proposed  Salary  Schedule. 


RANK. 

Present 
Minimum. 

Proposed 
Minimum. 

Present 
Maximum. 

Proposed. 
Maximum. 

Kindergartens: 
Assistants 

$576 

$960 

$960 

SI  344 

First  assistants  

J.032 

1,416 

1,224 

1,608 

Elementary  Schools: 
Assistants  

696 

1,080 

1,368 

1  752 

First  assistants,  grammar  
First  assistants  in  charge.      .    . 

\          1,404 
1  404 

1,788 
1  788 

1,596 
1  596 

1,980 
1  980 

Master's  assistants  
Submasters 

1,404 
1  500 

1,788 
1  740 

1,692 
2  580 

2,076 
<>  $20 

Masters 

2  820 

'>  820 

3  540 

3  660 

High  Schools: 
Assistants     

1,068 

1,452 

1  932 

2  316 

Junior  masters  

1,476 

1,620 

2,772 

3  060 

First  assistants,  heads  of  depart- 
ment   

1,428 

1,812 

2,100 

2,484 

Masters,  heads  of  department.  . 
Head  masters.  .............. 

2,340 
3,348 

2,484 
3,492 

3,348 

!  4,212  j 

3,492 
4,500 

Proposed  Increases  in  Minimum  Salaries  in  Relation  to  Salaries 
in  Other  Cities  of  the  Country. 


' 

Salary 
September, 
1919. 

Proposed 
Increase. 

Per  Cent 
Increase. 

Boston's 
Rank 
September, 
1919. 

Boston's 
Rank  on 
Proposed 
Increase. 

Kindergartens  : 
Assistants  

.$576 

$384 

66.67 

17th 
(out  of  18) 

i  2d  or  3d 
(out  of  18) 

First  assistants  
Elementary: 

1,032 

384 

37  .  21 

2d 

(out  of  18) 

1st 
(out  of  18) 

Assistants: 

Grades  I-VI  
1st  assistant,  grammar.  . 

696 
1,404 

384 
384 

rw.17              20th 
(out  of  24) 
27.35 

"-2d 
(out  of  24) 

Master's  assistant  

1,404 

384 

27.35 

6th 
(out  of  13) 

;(2d 
(out  of  13) 

Submasters  1,500 

240 

16 

3d  or  4th 
(out  of  11) 

2d  or  3d  *. 
(out  of  11) 

Masters  (men)  2,820 

0 

0 

1st 
(out  of  17) 

1st 
(out  of  17) 

Masters  (women)  

2,820 

0 

0 

1st 
(out  of  16f 

1st 
(out  of  16) 

1  Denver  
San  Francisco  
Boston  

-  Los  Angeles  
Boston  

$!,( 

MX)        3  New  York  
)60           Boston  
)GO 
<  Now  York  
00           San  Francisco.  . 
)60     '     Boston  

.     $2,100 

1,788 

2,100 
....       1,740 
1,74(1 

i 
< 

1, 

21 


Proposed  Increases  in  Minimum  Salaries  in  Relation  to  Salaries  in 
Other  Cities  of  the  Country. 

HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


* 

Salary 
September, 
1919. 

Proposed 
Increase. 

Per  Cent 
Increase. 

Boston's 
Rank 
September, 
1919. 

Boston's 
Rank  in 
Proposed 
Increase. 

Assistants  .     .  .          

$1,068 

$384 

35.95 

13th 

1st 

(out  of  23) 

(out  of  22) 

Junior  masters  

1,476 

144 

9.76 

3d 

1st 

(out  of  23) 

(out  of  22) 

First  assistants,  heads  of 

1,428 

384 

26.89 

9th 

6th  i 

departments. 

(out  of  9) 

(out  oi  9) 

Masters,  heads  of  depart- 

2,340 

144 

6.15 

5th 

5th  * 

ments. 

(out  of  11) 

(out  of  11) 

Head  masters  

3,348 

144 

4.30 

5th 

4th  » 

(out  of  11) 

(out  of  11) 

1  Jersey  City:  $3,100 

2  Philadelphia                                          $3,300 

St.  Louis  2,650 

Jersey  City                                              3,100 

Buffalo  2,200 

St.  Louis  2,650 

Philadelphia  2,185 

Providence  „  2,500 

Los  Angeles  2,100 

Boston  2,484 

Boston  1,812 

»  New  York  

$5,000 

Philadelphia  

3,960 

St.  Louis  

3,600 

Boston  

3,492 

22 


Proposed  Increases  in  Maximum  Salaries  in  Relation  to  Salaries  in 
Other  Cities  of  the  Country. 


Salary 
September, 
1919. 

Proposed 
Increase. 

Per  Cent 
of 
Increase. 

Boston's 
Rank 
September, 
1919. 

Boston's 
Rank 
in  Proposed 
Increase. 

Kindergarten: 
Assistants  

$960 

$384 

40 

14th 

7th  i 

(out  of  19) 

(out  of  19) 

First  assistants  
Elementary: 

1,224 

384 

31.37 

8th 
(out  of  19) 

1st 
(out  of  19) 

Assistants. 
Grades  I-VI  

1,368 

384 

28.07 

12th 
(out  of  24) 

1st 
(out  of  24) 

Grades  VII-VIII.  ... 

1,368 

384 

28.07 

16th 
(out  of  24) 

5th  * 
(out  of  24) 

1  st  assistant  grammar  .  . 

1,596 

384 

24.06 

Master's  assistant  

1,692 

384 

22.69 

8th 

(out  of  15) 

2d3 
(out  of  15) 

Submasters'.  

2,580 

240 

9:30 

1st 
(out  of  12) 

1st 
(out  of  12) 

Masters  (men)  

3,540 

120 

3.39 

5th 
(out  of  23) 

3d* 
(out  of  23) 

Masters  (women)  

3,540 

120 

3.39 

4th 

(out  of  21) 

2d* 

(out  of  21) 

1  New  York. . . . 
Rochester.  .  .  . 

Denver 

Jersey  City.  .  . 
San  Francisco 

Newark 

Boston. . . 


$1,600 
1,600 
1,500 
1,500 
1,476 
1,450 
1,344 


2  New  York. 
Rochester. 
Newark . .  . 
Cleveland . 
Boston . . . 


New  York . 
Boston . . . 


$1,920 
1,800 
1,800 
1,800 
1,752 

2,400 
2,070 


4. Jersey  City 

Chicago  (upper  group) . . 
Boston 


5  Chicago  (upper  group) 
Boston   . . 


3,700 
3,750 
3,660 

3,750 
3,660 


23 


Proposed  Increases  in  Maximum  Salaries  in  Relation  to  Salaries  in 
Other  Cities  of  the  Country. 

HIGH  SCHOOL. 


Salary 
September, 
1919. 

Proposed 
Increase. 

Per  Cent 
of 
Increase.  . 

Boston's 
Rank 
September, 
1919. 

Boston's 
Rank 
in  Proposed 
Increase. 

Assistants  

$1,932 

$384 

19.88 

Highest  possible  maxi- 
mum of  lowest  paid 
teacher. 

llth 
(out  of  23) 

5th  i 
(out  of  23) 

Highest  possible  maxi- 
mum attainable. 

Junior  masters 

2,772 

288 

10  .  39 

16th 
(out  of  23) 

3d 

llth  2 
(out  of  23) 

1st 

Highest  possible  maxi- 
mum of  lowest  paid 
teacher. 

(out  of  22) 

(out  of  22) 

Highest  possible  maxi- 
mum attainable. 

7th 
(out  of  23) 

2d» 
(out  of  22) 

First  assistants,  heads  of 
departments. 

2,100 

384 

18.29 

15th 
(out  of  16) 

llth* 
(out  of  16) 

Masters,  heads  of  de- 
partments. 

3,348 

144 

4.30 

6th 
(out  of  18) 

5th  5 
(out  of  18) 

Head  masters  

4,212 

288 

6.84 

10th 
(out  of  21) 

7th  or  8th  « 
(out  of  18) 

1  Jersey  City  

.     $3,000 

Chicago  

$3,300 

New  York  

.       2,650 

New  York  

3,150 

Cleveland  

.       2,400 

Cincinnati  

3,000 

Denver  

.       2,400 

Indianapolis  

3,000 

-  Jersey  City  
Chicago  (upper  group)  
Detroit  (first  assistant)  
Now  York 

.       3,000 
.       3,000 
.       2,800 
2,650 

Cleveland  
Newark  
Buffalo  
Boston  

2,800 
2,800 
2,700 
2,484 

Pittsburgh  (college  graduate)  .  . 

.       2,640 

s  Philadelphia  

3,730 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  (Group  I)  .  .  .  . 

.       2,500 

Jersey  City  

3,700 

St.  Louis  (1st  assistant)  

.       2,500 

St.  Louis  

3,625 

Cincinnati  (teacher)  

.       2,500 

Detroit  

3,500 

Cleveland  

2,400 

Boston 

3,492 

Denver  

.       2,400 

e  Jersey  City  

6,000 

Boston  

2,316 

Philadelphia  (50  or  more  teachers)  , 

5,060 

3  Philadelphia  (Class  D)  

.       3,080 

New  York  

5,000 

Boston  

.      3,060 

Detroit  

5,000 

Newark  

4,800 

4  Jersey  City  

.      3,700 

Chicago  

4,620 

St.  Louis  

3,625 

Denver 

4,500 

•    Detroit  .  .  . 

3,500 

Boston.  .  . 

4,500 

24 


STATEMENTS  ISSUED  BY  BOSTON  SCHOOL 
COMMITTEE. 


Statement 
Number. 


TITLE. 


Date  Issued. 


8 

9 

10.. 


Why  $384  Instead  of  $600  Flat. 


Some  Aspects  of  the  Salary  Schedule 
Not  Generally  Understood.  New 
York  and  Boston  Compared  ...... 

New  Salaries  in  Boston  Compared 
with  Salaries  in  other  Massachu- 
setts Cities  ..................... 


November  19,  1919. 


November  20,  1919. 


November  21,  1919. 
Relief  to  Lowest  Paid  Teachers j  November  22,  1919. 


New  Salary  Schedule  Affords  Greatest! 


Teachers  Given  All  or  More  Than 
They  Originally  Asked  For 

A  Graduated  vs.  A  Flat  Increase. . 


How  the  Proposed  Schedule  Affects 
the  Elementary  School  Teacher 

Actual  and  Comparative  Increases  in 
Teachers'  Salaries  —  Boston  and 
Other  Cities .  . 


Principles       Underlying       Proposed 
Salary  Increases 

School  Janitors   entitled  to   a  Sub- 
stantial Increase . . 


November  23,  1919. 
November  24,  1919. 

November  2.5,  1919. 

November  26,  1919. 
November  27,  1919. 
December  3,  1919, 


25 


[Statement  No.   1.     Issued  November  19,   1919.] 

WHY   $384   INSTEAD  OF   $600   FLAT. 

The  School  Committee  has  varied  the  amount  of  the 
proposed  increases  in  salaries  for  different  ranks  because 
several  teachers'  organizations,  including  the  Teachers' 
Advisory  Council,  petitioned  the  committee  to  readjust 
some  of  the  "gross  inequalities  in  the  present  schedule"; 
because  the  comparison  of  salaries  in  other  cities  with 
those  in  Boston  showed  that  certain  ranks  of  teachers 
in  Boston  were  paid  comparatively  low  salaries;  and  also 
because  it  is  the  opinion  of  the*  School  Committee  and 
its  officers  that  a  flat  increase  is  wholly  impracticable, 
that  great  injustice  would  follow  its  adoption,  and  that 
it  would  accentuate,  rather  than  eliminate,  the  present 
inequalities. 

Under  date  of  October  20,  1919,  Miss  Anna  G.  Scol- 
lard,  president  of  the  Boston  Teachers'  Club,  addressed 
a  communication  to  the  School  Committee,  in  which 
among  other  statements  she  said: 

In  the  salary  schedule  now  operative  are  some  gross  inequal- 
ities, to  which  in  the  opinion  of  the  officers  of  the  Boston 
Teachers'  Club  special  attention  should  be  given  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  any  proposed  schedule  with  a  view  to  securing  more 
equitable  readjustments. 

At  the  public  hearing  on  October  15  Miss  Julia  M. 
Fitzpatrick  stated  that  she  represented  2,200  class  room 
teachers  in  slementary  schools  and  called  attention  to 
the  fact  that  these  teachers  have  serious  grievances,  one 
of  which  is  the  present  large  difference  betwreen  the 
salaries  of  elementary  assistants  and  of  high  school 
assistants. 

In  connection  with  its  discussion  of  proposed  increases, 
the  Teachers'  Advisory  Council  also  took  formal  action 


26 

requesting  the  School  Committee,  in  the  new  schedule, 
to  readjust  salaries  in  order  to  eliminate  some  obvious 
inequalities  existing  in  the  present  schedule. 

Because  the  study  of  salaries  in  other  cities  shows 
that  the  salaries  of  women  teachers  in  the  high  schools 
of  Boston  are  comparatively  low,  they  were  given  the 
same  increase  as  the  elementary  assistants,  even  though 
the  elementary  assistants  consider  that  the  present 
difference  between  the  salary  of  elementary  assistants 
and  high  school  women  teachers  is  too  great. 

The  annual  automatic  increase  in  salary  varies  for  the 
different  ranks  of  teachers.  For  high  school  principal 
the  annual  increase  in  salary  is  $144,  and  for  assistants 
in  high  schools  $96.  For  elementary  principals  the 
annual  increase  is  $120;  for  submaste<*s  $120;  for  assist- 
ants $96.  To  advance  all  teachers  $600  or  any  flat 
amount  would  so  change  the  relationship  between  the 
salary  schedules  for  different  ranks  that  it  would  be 
unworkable. 

The  first  information  that  there  was  any  change  in 
the  amount  asked  for  by  the  teachers  reached  the 
School  Committee  at  the  conference  on  October  15, 
when  the  representatives  of  three  groups  of  teachers 
asked  for  $600  for  their  groups.  Even  then  no  request 
was  made  for  a  flat  increase  of  $600  for  all  teachers. 
The  first  request  for  a  flat  increase  of  $600  for  all  teach- 
ers reached  the  Committee  at  its  informal  conference 
with  the  members  of  the  Advisory  Council  on  November 
14,  several  days  after  the  School  Committee  had  pub- 
lished its  proposed  schedule. 


27 


[Statement  No.  2.     Issued  November  20,   1919.] 

SOME  ASPECTS  OF  THE  SALARY  SCHEDULE 
NOT  GENERALLY  UNDERSTOOD. 

NEW  YORK  AND  BOSTON  COMPARED. 

Certain  aspects  of  the  salary  schedule  are,  perhaps, 
not  generally  understood  by  the  public.  In  fact,  some 
of  the  teachers  themselves,  it  has  been  discovered,  do 
not  clearly  understand  the  effect  of  the  proposed 
increases  in  salaries,  which  the  School  Committee  plans 
to  put  into  effect  January  1,  1920.  Teachers  of  the 
various  ranks  are  appointed  on  what  is  called  a  gradu- 
ated salary  scale,  which  begins  at  a  fixed  minimum 
salary  and  progresses  by  annual  increments  of  different 
amounts  for  different  ranks  until  the  fixed  maximum 
salary  is  reached.  To  illustrate:  Consider  the  assist- 
ants in  the  day  elementary  schools. 

Under  the  present  salary  schedule,  a  new,  inexperi- 
enced teacher  begins  at  a  minimum  salary  of  $696  and 
progresses  by  annual  increases  of  $96  until  she  reaches, 
in  seven  years,  the  fixed  maximum  of  $1,368.  The  new 
rates  proposed  by  the  Committee  increase  both  the 
minimum  and  the  maximum  salary  by  $384  a  year. 
This  means  that  when  and  if  the  proposed  salary  sched- 
ule takes  effect  a  teacher  receiving  the  minimum  of 
$696  will  receive  $384,  or  an  increase  of  $32  per  month 
in  her  salary  during  that  year.  Each  teacher,  regard- 
less of  her  position  on  the  graduated  salary  scale,  will 
also  receive  the  same  amount  on  the  same  date.  Those 
on  the  maximum  salary  of  $1,368  will  immediately  be 
placed  upon  the  maximum  salary  of  $1,752,  or  $384 
more  than  they  are  now  paid. 

Contrast  this  with  the  new  schedule  which  has 
already  been  legally  approved  in  New  York  City,  to 
take  effect  January  1,  1920.  The  new  schedule  for  New 


28 

York  City  proposes  an  increase  in  the  minimum 'of  ele- 
mentary assistants  of  $105  per  year;  that  is,  from  $900 
to  $1,005.  By  law,  however,  this  total  increase  of  $105 
will  not  be  available  at  once.  On  the  other  hand, 
teachers  will  receive  on  January  1,  1920,  one  third  of 
the  increase,  or  $35;  on  January  1,  1921,  they  will 
receive  $35  more  of  the  proposed  increase,  and  not  until 
January  1,  1922,  will  they  receive  the  full  benefit  of  the 
proposed  increase  in  salary  which  the  new  schedule  con- 
templates. It  is  apparent,  therefore,  that  the  proposed 
schedule  for  Boston  is  far  more  liberal  than  the  new 
schedule  for  New  York  City,  since  it  provides  the 
teachers  in  Boston  with  an  increase  nearly  four  times 
as  large  and  makes  the  whole  amount  available  for  the 
teachers  of  Boston  on  January  1,  1920,  instead  of  two 
years  later  as  in  New  York. 


29 


[Statement  No.  3.     Issued  November  21,   1919.] 


NEW  SALARIES  IN  BOSTON  COMPARED 
WITH  SALARIES  IN  OTHER  MASSACHU- 
SETTS CITIES. 

BOSTON  LEADS  THE  STATE. 

With  a  present  minimum  salary  of  $696  for  elemen- 
tary assistants,  Boston  ranks  tenth  among  eighteen  of 
the  largest  cities  and  towns  in  Massachusetts.  The 
cities  now  paying  a  higher  minimum  salary  than  Boston 
are: 


Somerville 
Haverhill 
Chelsea  . 
Brockton 
Lawrence 


$700 
700 
700 
750 
750 


Salem 

New  Bedford 
Fall  River  . 
Springfield  . 


$850 
863 
900 

1,180 


The    cities    paying    a    lower    minimum    salary    than 
Boston  are: 


Cambridge,  Grades  I  to  j   Lynn 

VII     .                       .  $588      Lowell    . 

Worcester      .                .  675      Pittsfield 

Everett  .                       .  650      Medford 

Fitchburg       .                .  650 


$650 
600 
560 
550 


The  proposed  minimum  salary  of  $1,080  for  elemen- 
tary assistants  in  Boston  technically  gives  Boston  a 
rank  of  second  among  the  cities  and  towns  in  Massa- 
chusetts, because  Springfield  pays  a  minimum  salary 
of  $1,180.  However,  in  Springfield,  no  inexperienced 
teachers  are  appointed.  All  teachers  appointed  to  the 
minimum  salary  must  be  Normal  School  graduates 
with  at  least  two  years'  experience  following  their 
graduation.  Actually,  therefore,  the  proposed  mini- 


30 


mum  salary  of  $1,080  for  Boston  will  be  the  highest 
salary  in  the  state  for  a  teacher  without  teaching 
experience. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  cities  and  towns  in  Massa- 
chusetts paying  elementary  assistants  $1,000  or  more 
as  a  maximum  salary.  The  reader  should  compare 
these  salaries  with  Boston's  present  maximum  salary  of 
$1,368  and  with  the  School  Committee's  proposed  maxi- 
mum salary  of  $1,752. 


Brookline,  Grade 

VIII,  $1,518 

Cambridge,  Grade  VIII,  $1,140 

Springfield 

.     1,450 

Fall  River      .               .     1,100 

Worcester,  Grade 

VIII,    1,300 

Lynn,  Grades  VII  and 

Newton  . 

.     1,300 

VIII                           .     1,100 

Fitchburg 

.     1,250 

Lowell    .                       .    1,080 

New  Bedford: 

Cambridge,   Grades  I-- 

Grades I-VII 

.     1,150 

VII                             .     1,080 

Grade  VIII 

.    1,236 

Somerville      .                .     1,050 

Lawrence 

.     1,200 

The  following  is  a  list  of  cities  and  towns  in  Massa- 
chusetts paying  elementary  assistants  $1,080  or  less  as 
a  maximum  salary: 


Pittsfield 

Brockton 

Everett 

Salem 

Medford 

Haverhill 


$880 

900 

950 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 


Chelsea  .  .  .  $1,000 
Lynn,  Grades  I-VI  .  1,000 
Somerville  .  .  1,050 

Cambridge,  Grades  I-- 
VII (same  as  Boston's 
minimum)  .  .  .  1,080 


The  fairness  of  the  $384  increase  proposed  by  the 
Boston  School  Committee,  which  will  result  in  a  mini- 
mum salary  of  $1,080  for  the  inexperienced  teacher,  is 
strikingly  shown  by  a  comparison  of  the  minimum 
salary  of  $1,080  in  Boston,  not  with  the  corresponding 
minimum  salary  but  with  the  present  maximum  salaries 
in  the  above  cities  and  towns  of  the  state. 

The  rank  of  Boston  among  cities  and  towns  in  Massa- 
chusetts in  regard  to  the  present  salaries  in  Boston  can- 
not be  defended.  The  capital  city  of  the  state  should 


31 

be  second  to  no  city  in  the  Commonweath  in  the  amount 
of  teachers'  salaries.  Furthermore,  in  view  of  the  high 
standard  of  scholarship  and  training  required  of  candi- 
dates for  initial  appointment  to  the  Boston  service, 
Boston  should  not  be  satisfied  to  trail.  Many  cities 
and  towns  appoint  inexperienced  teachers  directly  after 
graduatiqn  from  a  twro-year  Normal  School  course. 
Boston  appoints  inexperienced  teachers  on  a  minimum 
salary  of  $696  only  after  a  three-year  Normal  School 
course,  supplemented  by  one  full  year  of  training  in 
class  room  teaching  under  the  supervision  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Practice  and  Training.  While  the  minimum 
salary,  therefore,  is  for  inexperienced  teachers,  it,  never- 
theless, presupposes  four  years  of  professional  prepara- 
tion beyond  the  high  school. 

In  the  proposed  salary  schedule  of  $1,080  as  a  mini- 
mum, and  $1,752  as  a  maximum  for  elementary  assist- 
ants, Boston  will  lead  every  city  and  town  in  the  state 
in  the  amounit  of  salary  that  it  pays  inexperienced 
elementary  school  teachers. 


32 


[Statement  No.  4.     Issued  November  22,   1919.) 


NEW  SALARY  SCHEDULE  AFFORDS  GREATEST 

RELIEF  TO  LOWEST  PAID  TEACHERS. 
If  the  School  .Committee  chose  to  follow  the  written 
petitions  of  teachers  for  some  readjustments  in  salaries 
of  various  groups  of  teachers,  obviously  a  flat  increase 
for  all  could  not  be  followed  because  the  two  proposi- 
tions are  mutually  exclusive.  Furthermore,  after  an 
unusually  careful  consideration  of  the  salaries  now  paid 
in  Boston,  the  School  Committee  agreed  to  follow  the 
"general  principle  of  providing  the  largest  increase  for 
the  lowest  paid  teachers. 

BOSTON'S  PRESENT  AND  PROPOSED  MINIMUM  SALARTES. 
The  following  tabulation  shows  the  present  minimum 
salary/the  increase  proposed  by  the  School  Committee, 
the  proposed  minimum  salary,  and  the  per  cent  of 
increase. 


RANK. 

Present 
Minimum. 

Proposed 
Increase. 

Proposed 
Minimum. 

Per  Cent  of 
Increase. 

Kindergartens  : 

\ssistants 

$576 

$384 

$960 

66  67 

First  Assistants  

1.032 

384 

1,416 

37.21 

Elementary  Schools: 

Assistants  

696 

384 

1,080 

66.17 

First  assistants  grammar 

1,404 

384 

1,788 

27.35 

First  assistants  in  charge  

1,404 

384 

1,788 

27.35 

Master's  assistant*  

1,404 

384 

1,788 

27.35 

1  500 

240 

1,740 

16.00 

Masters 

2,820 

0 

2,820 

0.00 

High  Schools. 

Assistants  

1,068 

384 

1,452 

35.95 

1,47(5 

144 

1,620 

9.76 

First  assistants,  heads  of  depart- 

1,428 

384 

1,812 

26.89 

Masters,  heads  of  departments  .  . 

2,340 

144 

2,484 

6.15 

Head  masters  

3,348 

144 

3,492 

4.30 

33 


BOSTON'S  PRESENT  AND  PROPOSED  MAXIMUM 

SALARIES. 

The  following  tabulation  gives  corresponding  informa- 
tion on  the  maximum  salaries  for  Boston: 


„                                             Present 
Maximum. 

Proposed 
Increa-'- 

Proposed      Per  Cent  of 
Maximum.       Increase. 

Kindergartens: 

Assistants  .  .'  
First  assistants  

$960                  $384      |         81,344                40.00 
1,224                   384                1,608               31.37 

Klementary  Schools  : 

Assistants  

1,36-S                   384 

!  ,752 

28.07 

Fir.-t  assistants,  grammar  

1,596                   384                1,980 

24.06 

First  assistants  in  charge  1,692 

384 

2,076 

92.69 

Master's  assistants  

1,692 

384 

2,076 

22.66 

Submasters  

3,540 

240 
120 

2,820 
3,660 

9.30 
3.39 

High  Schools: 

Assistants  

1,932 

384                2,316 

Junior  masters  

2,772                  288               3,060 

10.39 

First  assistants,  heads  of  depart- 
ments   

2,100                   384                2,484      !          18.  2U 

Masters,  heads  of  departments.  . 

3,348                   144 

3,492 

4.30 

Head  masters  

4,212                   288 

4,500 

6.84 

34 


[Statement  No.  5.     Issued  November  23,   1919.] 

TEACHERS  GIVEN  ALL  OR  MORE  THAN  THEY 
ORIGINALLY  ASKED   FOR. 

That  the  School  Committee  has  met  the  teachers' 
requests  fully,  except  their  latest  request  for  $600,  recently 
presented,  will  be  clear  from  the  following  facts  from  the 
official  records  of  the  Committee.  The  proposed  $384 
is  $96,  or  one  annual  increase,  more  than  the  elementary 
assistants  petitioned  for  on  June  23.  In  the  new  schedule 
the  junior  masters  have  been  given  $3,060  as  a  maximum, 
as  they  requested.  The  proposed  maximum  salary  for 
sub  masters  is  $2,820,  or  $220  more  than  they  petitioned 
for. 

On  June  23,  1919,  the  following  petition  was  presented 
to  the  School  Committee: 

To  the  Boston  School  Committee: 

The  Boston  Teachers'  Club  respectfully  petitions  for  an 
increase  of  three  increments  of  $96  each,  for  all  Boston  teachers 
now  receiving  such  single  increment  ($96),  thus  raising  salaries 
of  said  teachers  three  steps  on  their  respective  schedules,  and 
adding  $288  to  their  respective  maximums  and  minimums. 

We  also  petition  for  proper  adjustments  necessary  to  keep 
the  present  relationship  in  salaries  of  women  directors  and 
supervisors. 

We  appreciate  the  financial  situation  of  the  School  Depart- 
ment, but  feel  sure  that  for  the  best  interests  of  Boston  schools 
we  can  all  work  for  this  increase  of  salary. 

CORA  BIGELOW,  President. 

Communications  were  also  presented  to  the  School 
Committee  on  the  same  date  from  the  Boston  Women 
Teachers'  Union,  Local  88,  indorsing  the  above  petition. 
On  the  same  date  the  Executive  Board  of  the  Boston 
Elementary  Teachers'  Club,  representing  assistants  in 
elementary  schools,  teachers  of  cookery,  sewing  and 


35 

assistant  instructors  in  manual  training  and  continua- 
tion schools,  also  petitioned  for  an  increase  of  $288  for 
the  teachers  of  these  ranks. 

On  June  16,  1919,  the  Boston  Schoolmen's  Economic 
Association  sent  to  the  Chairman  of  the  School  Com- 
mittee the  following  resolutions,  which  had  been  unani- 
mously passed  by  the  above  Association: 

(1)  Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Boston  Schoolmen's 
Economic  Association  that,  in  view  of  the  present  high  cost  of 
living,  all  Boston  teachers  should  receive  a  substantial  increase 
in  salary  at  once,  and  a  further  increase  as  soon  as  the  necessary 
legislation  can  be  passed. 

(2)  Resolved,  That  the  Boston  Schoolmen's  Economic  Asso- 
ciation request  the  School  Committee  that  the  maximum  salary 
of  Junior  Masters  be  restored  to  that  attained  prior  to  1906; 
and  that  the  maximum  salary  of  submasters  be  restored  to  that 
attained  prior  to  1877. 

From  1896  to  1906  the  maximum  salary  of  junior  masters 
was  $3,060. 

From  1873  to  1877  the  maximum  salary  of  the  submasters 
was  $2,600. 

STACY  B.  SOUTHWORTH,  President. 

The  first  information  that  the  teachers  had  changed 
the  amount  asked  for  came  to  the  School  Committee 
at  the  public  conference  on  October  15,  when  the 
representatives  of  three  groups  of  teachers  asked  for 
$600,  not  for  everybody,  but  for  their  groups.  In 
reaching  a  decision  to  grant  an  increase  of  $384,  the 
School  Committee  was  pleased  that  it  had  found  it 
possible  to  grant  a  larger  increase  than  had  been  pre- 
viously asked  for  by  the  teachers.  The  Committee  has 
also  been  gratified  that  its  efforts  to  get  the  matter  of 
increase  in  teachers'  salaries  before  the  special  session 
of  the  Legislature  have  been  successful,  and  that,  if 
the  special  session  of  the  Legislature  takes  appropriate 
action,  the  increases  in  salaries  will  take  effect  on 
January  1,  1920,  instead  of  a  year  later  in  case  the 
matter  were  to  wait  for  the  regular  session  of  the  Legis- 
lature. 


36 


[Statement  No.  6.     Issued  November  24,   1919.] 

A  GRADUATED  vs.  A  FLAT  INCREASE. 

In  the  new  salary  schedules  proposed  by  the  School 
Committee,  in  response  to  the  suggestions  of  the  teachers 
themselves,  minor  readjustments  have  been  made  in 
order  to  bring  into  more  harmonious  relationship  the 
compensation  of  teachers  of  various  allied  groups. 
Undoubtedly,  some  inequalities  exist  in  the  present 
schedule;  some  inequalities  will  probably  exist  in  the 
proposed  schedule;  and  other  inequalities  not  now 
apparent  may  develop  in  the  future.  These  will  have 
to  be  adjusted  in  the  light  of  future  developments. 

It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  if  a  series  of  new  salary 
schedules  could  be  adopted  as  an  entirely  new  proposi- 
tion, disregarding  the  past,  a  better  and  more  scientific 
relationship  could  be  established  among  the  teachers  of 
different  ranks.  The  present  schedules,  however,  are 
the  result  of  years  of  practice  and  have  grown  up  as  a 
result  of  the  necessity  of  meeting  varying  conditions 
from  time  to  time,  such  as  paying  sufficient  salaries  to 
attract  candidates  possessing  the  prescribed  qualifica- 
tions for  appointment,  the  necessity  of  attracting  into 
school  service  persons  engaged  in  other  vocations, 
industrial  and  commercial,  where  the  outside  market 
value  of  such  service  must  be  considered,  and  other 
considerations  of  expediency,  policy,  and  educational  and 
professional  standards  of  qualifications  that  have  from 
time  to  time  arisen. 

Some  of  the  reasons  why  a  $600  flat  increase  would 
not  be  for  the  best  interests  of  the  service  are  as  follows : 

1.  Because  it  does  not  permit  of  the  correction  of 
injustice  or  inequalities  in  the  existing  schedule  which 
have  been  complained  of  by  some  groups  of  teachers 
and  have  been  recognized  by  the  School  Committee. 


37 

2.  Because  the  salaries  of  certain  of  the  industrial 
groups  have  already  been  fixed  at  rates  sufficiently  high 
to  secure  and  hold  these  people  in  competition  with  the 
industries  paying  wages  at  war  time  rates. 

3.  Because  such  a  comparatively  large  increase  to 
the  maximum  of  the  salaries  of  certain  of  the  highest 
paid  groups  would  put  the  salaries  of  such  persons  at  a 
point    never    requested    by    those    groups,    at    a    point 
wholly   out    of   harmony   with    the   remainder    of   the 
schedule,  and  far  higher  than  the  salaries  paid  similar 
ranks  in  any  other  city  would  justify. 

4.  Because  it  does  not  give  the  relief  from  economic 
pressure  in  as  satisfactory  a  manner  as  a  graduated 
increase,  which  gives  the   larger  amount   to  the  lower 
paid  teacher  and  a  smaller  amount  to  the  higher  paid 
teacher. 


38 


[Statement  No.  7.     Issued  November  25,   1919.] 

HOW    THE    PROPOSED    SCHEDULE    AFFECTS 
THE   ELEMENTARY   SCHOOL  TEACHER. 

Under  the  present  schedule  an  elementary  teacher 
appointed  January  1,  1920,  would  receive  $696  for  the 
first  year  of  her  service.  On  January  1,  1921,  her  salary 
would  be  increased  $96,  so  that  during  1921  she  would 
receive  $792.  Each  succeeding  year,  on  January  1,  she 
would  be  advanced  at  the  rate  of  $96  per  year  until 
1927,  during  which  year  she  would  receive  $1,368, 
which  is  the  maximum  salary  of  the  present  schedule. 

Under  the  proposed  schedule  a  teacher  appointed 
January  1,  1920,  would  be  at  once  placed  upon  the  new 
minimum  salary,  namely,  $1,080  per  year,  and  for  the 
year  1920  she  would  therefore  receive  $384  more  than 
she  would  have  received  for  that  year  under  the  present 
schedule.  On  January  1,  1921,  she  would  go  on  to  the 
second  year  of  the  new  schedule  and  for  that  year  would 
receive  $1,176.  Qn  January  1  of  each  year  thereafter 
she  would  be  advanced  at  the  rate  of  $96  until  January 
1,  1927,  when  she  would  reach  the  maximum  salary  of 
the  new  schedule,  namely,  $1,752. 

Therefore,  under  the  new  schedule,  each  teacher  will 
receive  $384  more  per  year  than  she  would  receive  under 
the  present  schedule.  . 

As  another  example:  Take  a  teacher  appointed 
November  1,  1917.  Under  the  schedule  then  existing, 
she  was  paid  at  the  rate  of  $600  for  her  first  year  of 
service.  On  September  1,  1918,  under  a  new  schedule 
adopted,  while  still  on  her  first  year  of  service,  she  was 
advanced  to  $696  and  paid  at  that  rate  until  her  anni- 
versary on  November  1,  1918,  when  she  was  advanced 
to  the  second  year  of  the  existing  schedule,  or  $792  per 
year.  November  1,  1919,  she  was  advanced  to  the  third 


39 

year  of  the  existing  scale,  or  $888  per  year,  and  she  is 
now  on  that  year  of  the  present  schedule  and  is  being 
paid  at  the  rate  of  $74  per  month.  Such  a  teacher,  on 
January  1,  1920,  under  the  proposed  schedule  will  be 
advanced  to  a  salary  $384  higher  than  she  is  now  paid, 
or  $1,272  per  year,  paid  in  the  usual  monthly  installments 
of  $106  per  month.  In  other  words,  a  teacher  who 
entered  the  service  November  1,  1917,  if  the  new  sched- 
ule goes  into  effect,  will  have  advanced  in  two  years 
and  two  months  from  $600  per  year  to  $1,272  per  year, 
an  increase  of  $672,  or  112  per  cent. 

A  teacher  who,  on  November  1,  1917,  was  on  the 
fifth  year  of  the  existing  schedule,  namely,  $792  per 
year,  would,  on  November  1,  1919,  have  reached  a 
salary  of  $1,080  per  year.  Under  the  new  schedule  she 
would,  on  January  1,  1920,  be  placed  on  that  year  of 
the  new  schedule,  which  is  $384  higher  than  she  is  now 
paid,  or  $1,464,  an  increase  of  $676,  or  84.8  per  cent,  in 
two  years  and  twp  months. 

A  teacher  on  the  maximum  salary  of  her  rank  Novem- 
ber 1,  1917,  or  $1,176  per  year,  on  November  1,  1919, 
would  have  reached  $1,368  per  year.  Under  the  new 
schedule  she  would  be  advanced  January  1,  1920,  to 
$1,752  per  year,  an  increase  of  $576,  or  48.9  per  cent,  in 
two  years  and  two  months. 

Therefore,  under  the  new  schedule,  the  smallest 
increase  that  any  elementary  assistant  will  receive,  who 
was  in  the  service  on  November  1,  1917,  will  be  48.9 
per  cent,  and  the  greatest  112  per  cent.  All  elementary 
assistants  will  receive  increases  within  these  limits. 


40 


[Statement  No.  8.     Issued  November  26,   1 9 19.] 

ACTUAL  AND  COMPARATIVE  INCREASES  IN 
TEACHERS'  SALARIES,  BOSTON  AND  OTHER 
CITIES. 

The  amount  of  actual  increase  as  compared  with 
increases  in  salaries  of  teachers  of  corresponding  rank 
in  other  cities,  and  the  comparatively  high  minimum 
and  maximum  salary  which  the  proposed  increase  estab- 
lishes, are  considerations,  in  addition  to  those  already 
published,  which  have  determined  the  action  of  the 
School  Committee  in  fixing  $384  as  the  increase  for  ele- 
mentary assistants,  according  to  a  statement  issued 
from  School  Committee  headquarters.  In  proposing  an 
increase  of  $384  for  elementary  assistants  the  School 
Committee  believes  that  it  is  dealing  fairly  with  the 
teachers  and  as  generously  as  the  present  emergency 
circumstances  make  possible. 

The  School  Committee's  proposed  increase  of  $384 
for  all  elementary  assistants  is  a  larger  increase  than  has 
been  given  in  most  of  the  largest  cities  of  the  country 
during  the  past  two  years.  The  average  increase  in  the 
minimum  salary  of  elementary  school  teachers  in  twenty- 
four  of  the  largest  cities,  from  September,  1917,  to  Sep- 
tember, 1919,  was  $234.  Furthermore,  the  proposed 
increase  of  $384  is  the  largest  increase  that  has  ever  been 
granted  to  the  Boston  teachers.  In  the  actual  amount 
of  increase,  therefore,  the  School  Committee  feels  that 
it  is  doing  the  fair  thing  for  the  teachers. 

The  proposed  increase  of  $384  will  raise  the  minimum 
salary  in  Boston  from  $696  to  $1,080.  This  new  mini- 
mum salary  is  only  $20  less  than  the  highest  minimum 
salary  in  the  twenty-four  largest  cities  of  the  country. 
Los  Angeles  pays  $1,100.  New  York  City  has  raised  its 
minimum  salary  from  $900  to  $1,005,  but  the  full  amount 


41 

of  the  increase  of  $105  will  not  be  available  for  teachers 
until  January  1,  1922.  The  largest  increase  in  minimum 
salary  in  any  of  the  twenty-four  largest  cities  during 
the  past  two  years  was  $350,  in  Cleveland,  from  $550 
to  $900.  Boston's  present  minimum  salary  of  $696  is 
now  $146  higher  than  Cleveland's  former  minimum 
salary.  Boston's  proposed  minimum  salary  of  $1,080 
will  also  be  higher  than  Cleveland's  by  $180. 

The  proposed  increase  of  $384  will  increase  the  present 
maximum  salary  in  Boston  from  $1,368  to  $1,752.  The 
largest  increase  in  the  maximum  salary  for  elementary 
assistants  among  twenty-four  of  the  largest  cities  of  the 
country,  from  September,  1917,  to  September,  1919, 
was  $600,  in  Rochester,  from  $1,000  to  $1,600.  Here, 
again,  Boston's  present  maximum  salary  of  $1,368  is 
now  $368  higher  than  Rochester's  was,  and  Boston's 
proposed  maximum  salary  will  still  be  higher  than 
Rochester's  by  $152.  With  the  proposed  maximum 
salary  of  $1,752  for  teachers  in  grades  I  to  VI,  inclusive, 
Boston  ranks  first  among  twenty-four  of  the  largest 
cities  of  the  country. 

A  comparison  of  the  salaries  for  other  ranks  of  teachers 
in  the  same  twenty-four  cities  shows  that  there  have 
been  few  cases  of  increases  in  the  country  larger  than 
the  School  Committee  proposes;  that  the  minimum 
and  maximum  salaries  on  which  the  cities  of  the  country 
have  based  an  increase  were  in  every  case  lower  than  the 
minimum  and  maximum  salaries  of  corresponding  ranks 
in  Boston ;  and  that  the  'result  of  the  largest  increases  in 
representative  cities  of  the  country  does  not  give  any 
of  these  cities  a  higher  salary  in  any  rank  than  is  pro- 
posed for  Boston,  except  in  the  case  of  the  elementary 
school  principals  in  Jersey  City,  who  receive  $3,700. 
Boston's  proposed  salary  for  elementary  school  prin- 
cipals is  $3,660  —  $40  less  than  is  paid  in  Jersey  City. 


42 


[Statement  No.  9.     Issued  November  27,    1919.] 

PRINCIPLES   UNDERLYING    PROPOSED 
SALARY   INCREASES. 

The  proposed  new  salary  schedule  has  been  prepared 
by  the  School  Committee  on  the  basis  of  three  under- 
lying principles  which  are  fundamental : 

1.  Largest  proposed  increase  in  salary  goes  to  the 
lowest  paid  teachers  in  the  service. 

2.  Some  increase  in  salary  is  proposed  for  everyone 
in  the  employ  of  the  School  Committee. 

3.  The  amount  of  proposed  increases  and  the  read- 
justments conform  as  closely  as  possible  to  the  supply 
of  teachers. 

The  lowest  paid  teachers  in  the  Boston  service  are  the 
kindergartners  and  the  elementary  assistants.  Accord- 
ingly, they  have  been  given  the  largest  increase,  both 
in  actual  amount  and  in  per  cent  of  increase.  No  other 
rank  of  teacher  is  given  more. 

Some  increase  in  salary  has  been  provided  for  every- 
one. The  nurses,  school  physicians,  the  attendance 
officers,  and  the  directors  and  supervisors  have  all  been 
allowed  increases  in  salaries  in  the  new  schedule.  In 
addition,  the  evening  school  teachers  and  the  teachers 
in  summer  review  schools  will  hereafter  receive  more 
money  for  their  services.  Substitutes,  emergency  assist- 
ants, employees  in  the  school  centers  and  clerks  in  the 
executive  offices  have  not  been  left  out  of  consideration. 
A  substantial  increase  is  also  proposed  for  school  janitors. 
In  short,  the  School  Committee  has  consistently  followed 
the  principle  of  something  for  everybody  in  the  new 
schedule. 

In  the  varying  amounts  of  proposed  increases  for 
different  ranks  of  teachers,  the  School  Committee  has 
recognized  that  there  are  inequalities  in  the  present 

' 


43 

schedule,  as  pointed  out  by  teachers,  and  has  tried  to 
readjust  some  of  them.  In  addition,  the  School  Com- 
mittee has  also  taken  into  account  the  salary  schedules, 
both  present  and  proposed,  in  other  cities.  Assuming; 
for  the  moment  that  living  conditions  in  several  cities 
may  be  identical,  teachers  are  not  likely  to  leave  Boston 
to  teach  in  other  cities  if  Boston  salaries  are  equal,  or 
about  equal,  to  salaries  in  those  cities.  Since  compara- 
tively few  teachers  who  resign  from  teaching  go  into 
other  occupations,  the  probability  of  losing  teachers  to 
other  cities  depends  on  the  salary  there.  In  establish- 
ing the  proposed  new  salaries  the  School  Committee  has 
fixed  them  high  enough  so  that  the  salaries  of  teachers 
elsewhere  will  not  be  attractive  to  Boston  teachers. 
Whether  the  proposed  salaries  are  high  enough  to  attract 
into  the  profession  those  qualified  by  nature  and  training 
to  teach  is  a  question  which  the  Committee  has  not 
undertaken  at  this  time  to  determine  fully  and  con- 
clusively. It  is,  perhaps,  significant  that  colleges  and 
universities  generally,  which  for  the  last  few  years  have 
suffered  from  a  falling  off  in  attendance,  are  now,  in  some 
cases,  almost  overwhelmed  by  the  number  of  students, 
some  of  whom  will  eventually  take  up  the  teaching  pro- 
fession, and  will,  undoubtedly,  be  attracted  thereto  by 
the  present  general  movement  to  increase  teachers' 
salaries. 

Certain  outstanding  facts  in  the  situation  should  not 
be  overlooked.  The  School  Committee  is  the  legally 
constituted  authority  for  determining  salaries  of  teach- 
ers. The  usual  time  to  consider  such  salary  questions 
is  in  March  or  April,  annually.  Its  present  action, 
therefore,  is  taken  at  an  unusual  time  and  avowedly  to 
meet  an  emergency.  The  School  Committee  has  dis- 
charged its  responsibility  according  to  reasonable  prin- 
ciples of  procedure  and  on  the  basis  of  a  large  amount 
of  competent  evidence.  If  the  School  Committee  had 
not  had  the  foresight  and  had  not  acted  promptly,  no 
general  salary  increases  could  have  taken  place  before 
September  1,  1920,  and  perhaps  not  until  January  1, 


44 


wsutt  of  the  Gmmmee % 
«**ted  by  the  necessary  legislative  authority,  the  to.. 
vill  benefit  to  the  extent  of  approximately  one  mi 
iWfcw^    between    January    1    and         ,         ;^  1 .    1 
Neither  should  it  be  foq^ten  that  this  very  substantial 
in  the  amount  of  money  available  for  teachers 
of  about  30  per  rent  will  continue  indefin 
thmafter  and  will  not  be  confined  to  the  ^nfde  year  1 


45 


[Statement  No.   10.     Issued  December  3,   1919.] 

SCHOOL    JANITORS      ENTITLED     TO    A    SUB- 
STANTIAL   INCREASE. 

The  status  of  school  janitors,  the  duties  they  are  called 
upon  to  perform,  the  manner  in  which  their  compensa- 
tion is  determined,  and  the  responsibilities  imposed  upon 
them,  are  not  generally  and  clearly  understood. 

In  the  first  place,  the  janitor  is  a  very  important 
figure  in  the  operation  of  the  school  system.  A  principal 
or  a  teacher  or  several  teachers  may  be  absent  from  duty, 
and  the  school  in  which  they  are  employed  will  continue 
in  operation.  The  absence  of  a  janitor,  however, 
especially  during  the  season  when  the  heating  apparatus 
must  be  operated,  means  the  closing  of  the  school  unless 
a  substitute  for  him  can  be  obtained. 

The  school  janitor  must  have  successfully  passed  a 
civil  service  examination,  and,  except  in  the  smaller  and 
less  important  school  buildings,  must  also  have  passed 
successfully  an  examination  given  by  the  State  Police 
Department  for  a  license  to  operate  various  types  of 
heating  and  ventilating  apparatus.  There  are  in  the 
service  many  men  who  hold  second  and  third  class 
engineers'  licenses,  and  a  few  holding  first-class  engineers' 
licenses.  Every  janitor  in  charge  of  a  steam  heating 
apparatus  is  required  to  hold,  and  does  hold,  a  license 
obtained  by  examination,  qualifying  him  to  operate  the 
heating  apparatus  under  his  charge.  A  man  holding 
a  second  or  first  class  engineers'  license  is  necessarily 
one  possessing  a  high  degree  of  skill  and  intelligence, 
and  whose  market  value,  under  present  conditions,  gives 
him  an  earning  capacity  of  from  $40  to  $50  per  week, 
which  is  far  more  than  he  receives  in  the  school  service. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  wages  of  a  day  laborer  in  the 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


FEB   15  1 

-FEB-x€ 


LD  21-100m-8,'34 


Gaylord  Bros, 

Makers 

Syracuse  N  Y. 
PAT.  JAN.  2 1,1 908 


LIBBAWES 


415856 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


